To determine whether intracellular ATP levels can be
affected, Escherichia coli overexpressing phosphoenolpyruvate
carboxykinase (pck) or phosphoenolpyruvate
carboxylase (ppc) were grown in glucose minimal
medium. The Pck-overexpressing cells showed approximately
twice the intracellular ATP concentration, with
22% slower growth than the Ppc-overexpressing strain.
This unexpected result of higher ATP coupled with
slower growth is discussed based on transcriptome
analysis.