Synthesis of Highly Ordered TiO(2) Nanotube in Malonic Acid Solution by Anodization

Abstract

We synthesized TiO(2) nanotube array by anodizing in a solution of malonic acid (HOOCCH(2)COOH) and NH(4)F, and analyzed the morphology of the nanotube using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The morphology of TiO(2) nanotube was largely affected by anodizing time, anodizing voltage, and malonic acid concentration. With increasing the anodizing voltage from 5 V to 20 V, the diameter of TiO(2) nanotube was increased from about 20 nm to 110 nm and its length from about 10 nm to 700 nm. In addition, the length of TiO(2) nanotube was increased with increasing anodizing time up to 6 h at 20 V. We obtained the longest and the most highly ordered nanotube structure when anodizing Ti in a solution of 0.5 wt% NH(4)F and 1 M malonic acid at 20 V for 6 h.