Investigation of the effect of the types and densities of grain boundary carbides on grain boundary cavitation resistance of AISI 321 stainless steel under creep-fatigue interaction

Abstract

The effect of NIX (where X = C, N) and M23C6 and their densities at the grain boundaries on creep-fatigue behavior of AISI 321 stainless steel are investigated. The creep-fatigue lives of fine NIX and coarse NIX aged alloys were longer than those Of M23C6 aged alloy under the same test conditions. In order to better understand the difference in the creep-fatigue lives between the tested alloys, microstructural observations are conducted by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The differences in the creep-fatigue lives of the alloys are due to the stronger cavitation resistance of NIX carbides compared with that of M23C6 carbides. From the microstructural observations, it is verified that formation and growth of grain boundary cavities in NIX carbides are more retarded than in M23C6 carbides. Therefore, it is suggested that the types of carbides are a more prominent factor than the density of carbides for grain boundary cavitation in austenitic stainless steels. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.