Quantum dots for treatment of bacterial infection

Abstract

Quantum dots (QDs), as semiconductor nanocrystals, exhibit quantum confinement effects due to their size being smaller than the exciton-Bohr radius. They enable selective oxidation-reduction reactions by tuning their size and energy levels. Moreover, by adjusting the free charge concentration of QDs, localized surface plasmon resonance can be induced, effectively converting light into thermal energy. Multidrug-resistant microorganisms pose challenges in traditional antibiotic treatments, necessitating alternative approaches. This study develops new antimicrobial substances using QDs, specifically indium phosphide (InP) and copper sulfide ($Cu_{2-x}S$). InP QDs, activated by visible light, selectively inactivate antibiotic-resistant bacteria. $Cu_{2-x}S$ QDs, activated by near-infrared radiation with high tissue penetration, generate heat and, when used in conjunction with additives, enhance the efficiency of chemical therapy through synergistic effects, leading to the inactivation of antibiotic-resistant microbes. These QDs exhibit low toxicity, excellent antibacterial performance, and short treatment times, proving effective in infection prevention and treatment. Based on these findings, the potential of QDs as alternative therapeutic agents in the field of infection treatment is highlighted.