Development of biological assay systems based on nanobiotechnology

Abstract

The major technological challenges, inspired by nanotechnology, on the development of protein microarrays and chips, protein patterning and biosensor were intensively investigated. This approach makes use of various biological research areas such as molecular self-assembly, spatial positioning, microconstruction, biocomposite fabrication and nanomachines. Therefore, nanobiotechnology, a new discipline that employs biomolecules as building blocks and biomolecular self-assembly as one of the construction methods, offers exciting possibilities for the miniaturization of analytical instruments. At first, a novel method for manufacturing peptide microarrays by elevating the peptide on the layer of protein by fusion protein approach was carried out. It provided invaluable information elevating peptides on the protein layer of protein allows sensitive, specific, and efficient detection of peptide-protein interactions without the need for complicated chemical modification of solid supports and peptides. It was found that kinase activity could be detected with as low as 0.09 fmol of kemptide, which is about 1000 fold times more sensitive than that 0.1 pmol obtained with other microarray systems. Therefore, this new strategy will not only be useful in high-throughput and cost-effective screening of kinase substrate peptides, but also be generally applicable in studying various protein-peptide interactions. Secondly, biosensor for kinase activity based on an individual MWCNT nanoelectrode was suggested. Moreover, changes of conductance of substrate peptide coated metallic MWCNTs upon reaction of PKA and dephosphorylation indicate that kinase activity sensor can be constructed at the nano-scale level of an individual MWCNT. In this result, these phenomena have to be continued to demonstrate that individual MWCNTs are ideal nanomaterials for building functional nano devices and biosensors. Thirdly, recombinant fusion protein that are genetically linked to poly-3-hydroxybuty...