중국의 재외공관 관리 및 운영 제도에 대한 고찰 : 「중화인민공화국 재외공관 외무공무원법」을 중심으로

Abstract

The People's Republic of China, which was established in 1949, had so many difficulties in building proper diplomatic capability due to political and economic conditions at the its beginning. However, “Reform and Opening(Gaigekaifang)”, that started in 1979, made China the second largest economy in the world, and China has become a key player on the international stage with the support of its economic power. Despite the rapid growth of China's diplomatic capacity in both quality and quantity, however, the efficient system to manage and operate diplomatic missions and personnel has not been constructed. In order to solve these problems, “The Diplomatic Personnel Stationed Abroad Act” was enacted in 2009. As mentioned above, this act mainly focuses on restructuring and reorganization of diplomatic mission abroad in the front lines of diplomacy war. To do so, it reregulated the diplomatic posts and ranks and clarified the duties and obligations of diplomatic personnel abroad. And it also established “the head accountability system” which means the diplomatic missions abroad should be uniformly led by the head of missions. In addition, it also contains the assessment system on diplomatic personnel, rewards and punishment condition, and wages and benefits mechanism and so on. Now this act has been in effect for nearly a decade, and the chinese government has been actively promoting “One belt, One road(Yidaiyilu) project”, which is one of the Xi’s focal projects, with reorganized diplomatic capacity like this. And in the fast changing future, the diplomatic prowess of China is expected to be further strengthened and specialized on the framework of this act. So it is necessary to further study on the management of diplomatic resources and the training system of diplomatic personnel of China in order to protect and promote the national interests of our country.