Structure and function of the N-terminal domain of Ralstonia eutropha polyhydroxyalkanoate synthase, and the proposed structure and mechanisms of the whole enzyme

Abstract

Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are natural polyesters synthesized by numerous microorganisms as energy and reducing power storage materials, and have attracted much attention as substitutes for petroleum-based plastics. In an accompanying paper, the authors reported the crystal structure of the C-terminal domain of Ralstonia eutropha PHA synthase (PhaC1). Here, the authors report the 3D reconstructed model of full-length of R. eutropha PhaC1 (RePhaC1 F) by small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) analysis. The catalytic C-terminal domain of RePhaC1 (RePhaC1 CD) dimer is located at the center of RePhaC1 F, and the N-terminal domain of RePhaC1 (RePhaC1 ND) is located opposite the dimerization subdomain of RePhaC1 CD, indicating that RePhaC1 ND is not directly involved in the enzyme catalysis. The localization studies using RePhaC1 F, RePhaC1 ND and RePhaC1 CD revealed that RePhaC1 ND plays important roles in PHA polymerization by localizing the enzyme to the PHA granules and stabilizing the growing PHA polymer near the active site of RePhaC1 CD. The serial truncation study on RePhaC1 ND suggested that the predicted five a-helices (N-a3 to N-a7) are required for proper folding and granule binding function of RePhaC1 ND. In addition, the authors also report the SAXS 3D reconstructed model of the RePhaC1 F /RePhaMDC complex (RePhaMDC, PAKKA motif-truncated version of RePhaM). RePhaM forms a complex with RePhaC1 by interacting with RePhaC1 ND and activates RePhaC1 by providing a more extensive surface area for interaction with the growing PHA polymer.