Diffused phase transition of Ba1-x Eu (x) TiO3 ceramics

Abstract

By applying the sol-gel method, we fabricated Ba1-x Eu (x) TiO3 (BET) ceramics as a single peroveskite phase in the composition range of x = 0 similar to 0.20. The BET ceramics displayed a ferroelectric phase transition temperature that changed from 120 au broken vertical bar C to 80 au broken vertical bar C, and exhibited the coexistance of the tetragonal, and cubic structures as the Eu composition was increased. They also displayed anomalous dielectric behaviors related to structural relaxation in the temperature range from 200 au broken vertical bar C to 600 au broken vertical bar C. We considered the Arrhenius temperature dependence of the dielectric relaxation time by using the electric modulus formalism. The characteristic activation energy was thought to be related with the substitution of Eu (Eu2+, Eu3+) ions for Ba2+ or Ti4+ ions in the perovskite structure