Relaxation and phase-transition characteristics of relaxor ferroelectric potassium lithium niobate

Abstract

The electric modulus relaxations were considered to be coupled phenomena between the polarization fluctuations < P (2) > due to local symmetry breaking and ionic hopping through nearest neighbor sites. The Nb-rich potassium lithium niobate (K5.595Li3.125Nb11.28O30) crystals exhibited a ferroelectric diffused phase transition around the dielectric maximum temperature T (max) = 350. The electric modulus relaxations were characterized by using the Cole-Davidson distribution of the electric modulus relaxation times at frequencies ranging from 100 Hz to 1 MHz. Although the lattice constants along the a-axes and the c-axes and the tetragonal unit cell volume showed linear expansions with increasing temperature T, the axial ratio c/a decreased with increasing T at temperatures below the Burn's temperature TB. The dielectric relaxation accompanied the high ionic conduction in the temperature range above T. The ac conductivity sigma'(omega) was analyzed by using the formulae, where omega (O) is the crossover frequency. It was considered that a double-Arrhenius behavior of the dc conductivity sigma (dc) at temperatures around the Burn's temperature T (B) was suspected of thermally activated motions in the random distribution of oxygen vacancies and lithium ions. The ac universality could result in a disordered configuration of the mobile ions, i.e., the dc conductivity at temperatures above T (B) . The slow relaxations of the nano-sized polar regions may contribute to the dc conductivity sigma (dc) at temperatures below T (B) . The characteristic relaxation time tau (CD) showed a change in activation energy from 1.08 eV to 0.80 eV at temperatures around T (B) . The scaling factor increased in proportion to (T (B) - T) at T T (B) , but was almost constant at T > T (B) , where epsilon'(a) is the high frequency dielectric constant and T is the temperature in Kelvin.