Induced Drag Characteristics Based on Wake Surface Integration for Wing-In-Ground Effect

Abstract

The present paper predicts the induced drag in the ground effect using wake surface integration The total drag can be decomposed into physical drag components such as wave profile and induced drag First we confirmed that applying wake surface integration to cases of ground effect is theoretically valid as long as a moving boundary condition is implemented for the ground surface Second total drag comparison between body surface integration an wake surface integration is performed to numerically identify the disparity Last, the induced drag component is extracted at various heights In addition, endplates are mounted on wing tips to determine their impact on the ground effect This study uses the Navier Stokes solver for aerodynamic analysis and a Clark Y wing with DHMTU concept is generated As a result the wake surface integration satisfactorily shows the characteristics of the induced drag in the ground effect with the Clark Y wing and wing-endplate combinations