Autophagy induction by tetrahydrobiopterin deficiency

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Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) deficiency is a genetic disorder associated with a variety of metabolic syndromes such as phenylketonuria (PKU). In this article, the signaling pathway by which BH4 deficiency inactivates mTORC1 leading to the activation of the autophagic pathway was studied utilizing BH4-deficient Spr(-/-) mice generated by the knockout of the gene encoding sepiapterin reductase (SR) catalyzing BH4 synthesis. We found that mTORC1 signaling was inactivated and autophagic pathway was activated in tissues from Spr(-/-) mice. This study demonstrates that tyrosine deficiency causes mTORC1 inactivation and subsequent activation of autophagic pathway in Spr(-/-) mice. Therapeutic tyrosine diet completely rescued dwarfism and mTORC1 inhibition but inactivated autophagic pathway in Spr(-/-) mice. Tyrosine-dependent inactivation of mTORC1 was further supported by mTORC1 inactivation in Pah(enu2) mouse model lacking phenylalanine hydroxylase (Pah). NIH3T3 cells grown under the condition of tyrosine restriction exhibited autophagy induction. However, mTORC1 activation by RhebQ64L, a positive regulator of mTORC1, inactivated autophagic pathway in NIH3T3 cells under tyrosine-deficient conditions. In addition, this study first documents mTORC1 inactivation and autophagy induction in PKU patients with BH4 deficiency.
Publisher
Landes Bioscience
Issue Date
2011-11
Language
English
Article Type
Article
Keywords

DIHYDROPTERIDINE REDUCTASE DEFICIENCY; PHENYLALANINE-HYDROXYLASE DEFICIENCY; GENETIC MOUSE MODEL; AMINO-ACID; PARKINSONS-DISEASE; MATERNAL PHENYLKETONURIA; TYROSINE SUPPLEMENTATION; CELL-PROLIFERATION; MENTAL-RETARDATION; RAG GTPASES

Citation

AUTOPHAGY, v.7, no.11, pp.1323 - 1334

ISSN
1554-8627
URI
http://hdl.handle.net/10203/95348
Appears in Collection
BS-Journal Papers(저널논문)
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