We have investigated the optical transitions for thin film p-type hydrogenated amorphous silicon-carbon alloy (p-a-Si1-xCx:H) after ultraviolet (UV) treatment in an Ar ambient (UTA) by using ex situ phase modulated spectroscopic ellipsometry. We fitted the pseudo-dielectric functions of p-a-Si1-xCx:H by using the Tauc-Lorentz parameterization. We found that the UTA process induced structural modification of p-a-Si1-xCx:H and hydrogen emission. We have improved the conversion efficiency of an amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) based solar cell from 8.16% to 9.43% via in situ UTA of the p-a-Si1-xCx:H window layer. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.