Establishment of a behavioral paradigm for studying hunting strategy and neural circuits

Abstract

Adapting behavior to varying circumstances is essential for survival. In nature, predators face challenges, such as navigating obstacles or pursuing prey hiding behind barriers. Therefore, hunting involves selecting strategies in response to contextual changes, making it a crucial model for studying behavioral flexibility. However, Previous studies have limitations in capturing diverse responses to environmental constraints. Furthermore, while some neural mechanisms underlying specific hunting strategies have been studied, little is known about the neural dynamics that govern transitions between these strategies. This study developed a hunting paradigm that simulates ecological conditions to observe a variety of prey-chasing strategies and their conversions, providing a foundation for examining neural dynamics. The experimental setup included a wall that blocked a direct path to prey and allowed prey to escape behind the obstacle, replicating scenarios encountered in natural habitats. Mice underwent repeated training under these conditions, and their behaviors were quantitatively analyzed. Initially, mice focused on visual cues to chase prey. Over time, they developed efficient, optimized movements that became habitual. In conclusion, this paradigm revealed how mice adjusted their strategies in response to environmental demands and demonstrated the formation of habitual behavior from a procedural perspective. This study establishes a foundation for understanding of behavioral flexibility and adaptability by enabling the observation of voluntary strategy shifts.