Modulating Li-Ion solvation structure by supramolecular nanofiber for lithium metal battery

Abstract

The lithium metal anode has garnered attention as a next-generation battery material due to its high energy density compared to graphite. Nevertheless, its commercialization faces challenges owing to the high reactivity of lithium metal and the formation of dendrites. Various strategies proposed for inhibit dendrite growth, but simultaneously acting additive that can work at the electrode-electrolyte interphase and within the electrolyte have been relatively unexplored. This study designed and synthesized an electrolyte additive forming nanofibers through supramolecular polymerization. The introduced supramolecular nanofiber electrolyte additive coordinates with lithium ions, altering the solvation structure of lithium ions. The nanofibers within the electrolyte serve as channels with aligned side chains, inducing rapid conduction of lithium ions and resulting in high ion conductivity. Additionally, at the electrode interphase, the weak interaction between side chains and lithium ions facilitates easy detachment of lithium ions. Based on these properties, supramolecular nanofiber additive enhances lithium metal batteries performances compared to conventional electrolytes.