Intensity-based holography using reciprocal diffractive imaging

Abstract

Optical microscopy has been employed to derive intriguing characteristics of an object in various fields, including cell biology, histopathology, hematology, and neuroscience. In particular, measuring the phase of light scattered from an object aroused great interest by allowing retrieving quantitative parameters such as refractive index, an intrinsic property of a material. The performance of holographic imaging based on reference-assisted holography is significantly limited owing to their vulnerability to vibration and complex optical configurations. Noninterferometric holographic imaging methods can resolve these issues. However, existing methods require constraints on an object or measurement of multiple-intensity images. In this thesis, we present holographic imaging techniques that reconstruct the complex amplitude of scattered light from a single-intensity image. In the first chapter, the properties of holomorphic optical fields are explored, and Kramers–Kronig or Hilbert transform-based holographic imaging is described and examined with simulated and experimental data. In the second chapter, as an example of noninterferometric holographic imaging, the speckle-correlation scattering matrix method using disorder is addressed, and the experimental validation and numerical study are presented. The third chapter introduces reciprocal diffractive imaging (RDI), the main subject of this thesis. RDI has succeeded in recovering the light field scattered from diffusive objects without special restrictions on illumination and a sample support from a single-shot intensity in the reference-free regime. We experimentally demonstrate holographic imaging of three-dimensional diffusive objects and suggest its potential applications by imaging a variety of samples under both static and dynamic conditions. In the last chapter, RDI expands imageable objects to general samples, such as biological samples. We reconstruct the quantitative phase of microscopic samples via generalized RDI by tailoring the Fourier field. The proposed method is demonstrated by imaging the objects with known structures and various biological samples. We believe that the presented advance could be at the forefront of holographic methods due to the unique advantages the technique possesses.