Provided is a triboelectricity-based energy harvesting material including a first carbon composite layer, a second carbon composite layer, a first charge layer and a second charge layer applied onto the first carbon composite layer and the second carbon composite layer, respectively, and a spacer that is provided between the first charge layer and the second charge layer and maintains a predetermined interval between the first charge layer and the second charge layer, wherein the spacer is provided only in a partial region of the first charge layer and the second charge layer, and accordingly, the first charge layer and the second charge layer come into contact with each other according to deformation of the material in a region in which the spacer is not provided so as to generate triboelectricity.