(A) multi-criteria decision making framework for adaptive and optimal building façade design in varied climates

Abstract

Adaptive façades can enhance interior environmental quality and reduce building energy expenditure. To this end, counterbalancing numerous objectives must be considered during the early stage. However, there remain challenges in this high-performance access, leading to difficulties in obtaining the final design solution. Therefore, this study aims to establish a robust design decision-making process for adaptive façade systems in commercial buildings. The parametric simulation was implemented in varied climates, simultaneously integrating daylight, energy, and occupants’ view analysis. Five objectives of maximising daylighting and view quality whilst minimising energy use, thermal discomfort, and visual discomfort were assessed, in which the most challenging criterion, outdoor view, was built upon three comprehensive facets: view context, view access, and view clarity. Then, the multi-criteria decision-making framework was applied to determine the unique optimal design for each selected region. Simulation results revealed that climatic conditions, materials, and configurations significantly impact adaptive façade performance. Meanwhile, optimal design results showed that building energy can save as much as 17% compared to the average design values. Although daylighting and outdoor view criteria met current building standards, it suggested proper architectural layouts to accomplish the most occupants’ comfort.