Simple Approach to Enhance Long-Term Environmental Stability of MXene Using Initiated Chemical Vapor Deposition Surface Coating

Abstract

Developing a methodology to enhance long-term stability is one of the most important issues in MXene research, since they are prone to oxidation in the ambient environment. Although various approaches have been suggested to improve the stability of MXene, they have suffered from complicated processes and limited applicability to various types of MXene nanostructures. Herein, we report a simple and versatile technique to enhance the environmental stability of MXenes. Ti3C2Tx MXene films were decorated with a highly hydrophobic polymer, 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyl methacrylate (PFDMA), using initiated chemical vapor deposition (iCVD) where iCVD allows the facile postdeposition of polymer films of desired thickness on MXene films. The oxidation resistance was evaluated by fabricating MXene gas sensors and measuring the change in signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of volatile organic compound (VOC) gases under harsh conditions (RH 100% at 50 °C) for several weeks where the performance in the absence and presence of PFDMA was compared. The results show that while the SNR of PFDMA-Ti3C2Tx sensors was retained, a dramatic increase of the noise level and a decrease in the SNR were observed in pristine Ti3C2Tx. We believe that this simple and nondestructive method will offer great potential to enhance the stability of a wide range of MXenes.