Comparative Performance Evaluation of Gas Brayton Cycle for Micro-Nuclear Reactors

Abstract

Gas Brayton cycles have been considered the next promising power cycles for microreactors. Especially the open-air and closed supercritical CO2 (S-CO2) Brayton cycles have received attention due to their high thermal efficiency and compact component sizes when compared to the steam Rankine cycle. In this research, the performances of the open-air and closed S-CO2 Brayton cycle at microreactor power range are compared with polytropic turbomachinery efficiency. When optimizing the cycle, three different optimization parameters are considered in this paper: maximum efficiency, maximum cycle specific work, and maximum of the product of both indicators. For the air Brayton cycle, the maximum of the product of both indicators allows to consider both efficiency and specific work while optimizing the cycle. However, for the S-CO2 Brayton cycle, the best performing conditions follow either maximum efficiency or the maximum cycle specific work conditions. In general, the S-CO2 power cycle should be designed and optimized to maximize the cycle specific work for commercial-scale application. The results show that the air Brayton cycle can achieve near 45% efficiency when it can couple with a microreactor with a core outlet temperature higher than 700 degrees C. However, the S-CO2 power cycle can still achieve above 30% efficiency when it is coupled with a microreactor with a core outlet temperature higher than 500 degrees C, whereas the air Brayton cycle cannot even reach breakeven condition.