In vivo biodistribution study of exosome in murine sepsis model

Abstract

their specific size, immunogenicity, and mass production in the body attract all scientists in this field to study more about it. Since exosome introduction, several studies have shown its capability to deliver their cargo to target cells. Likewise, for any particles in DDS, understanding kinetic and trafficking of them is necessary. Several studies have been conducted to investigate the in vivo biodistribution of exosomes. Still, most of them have only focused on exosome biodistribution in normal conditions, while studies have shown that organ dysfunction can affect drug kinetics in diseased states. Herein, this study investigated the biodistribution and pharmacokinetics of HEK293T cell-derived exosomes and PEGylated liposomes in healthy and sepsis mice. Compared to liposomes, the biodistribution and pharmacokinetics of exosomes are significantly affected by pathophysiological conditions of sepsis. After intravenous infusion, a significant amount of exosomes was detected in the lung of sepsis mice, and their extended blood residence was observed due to liver dysfunction

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nano-sized particles released from cells, and they are not able to replicate like cells. EVs have been identified as essential mediators of cell-to-cell connectivity that affect both physiological and pathological conditions over the last two decades. They are found in body fluids like blood, breast milk, urine, saliva, and intracellular communicator between cells. Their particular size, from 40-2000nm and carrying RNA, bioactive lipids, and nucleic acids, makes them potential drug carriers for prokaryotes and eukaryotes. They are three types of membrane vesicles, First, Exosomes, which are around 40-150nm

Second, microvesicles, with a diameter from 150 to 1000nm, which are released from the plasma membrane and finally, apoptotic bodies in a broad size range of 50-2000nm. Because of their ability to transfer bioactive components and overcome biological obstacles, EVs are rapidly being investigated as therapeutics, both as natural delivery vectors and as improved cell-based therapies in their own right. Among all EVs, exosomes get more attention in drug delivery systems (DDS)