In response to increasing demands for energy consumption and renewable energy, the development of advanced lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is highly critical. To increase the overall capacity of LIBs, the use of alternative electrode materials with higher theoretical capacity is necessary. In this dissertation, as one of most promising solutions, rationally designed one-dimensional nanostructured electrode materials were synthesized as promising electrode materials for advanced batteries. The one-dimensional nanostructures were tailored by the combination with other compounds, incorporation of metal organic framework, and atomically distributed elements, which led to significant improvement in the electrochemical performance.