Energy-efficient hybrid FCDI-NF desalination process with tunable salt rejection and high water recovery

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Seawater and brackish water constitute similar to 97% of the water on Earth. Therefore, future water shortages could be alleviated if we develop more efficient and cost-effective desalination technologies. Reverse osmosis (RO) has been established as the best available technology for commercial seawater (SW) desalination during the last two decades. Because the standard SWRO membrane element is designed to achieve a very high salt (NaCl) rejection (>99%) with a low water recovery (similar to 15%), current SWRO desalination plant design is based on the staging of arrays of RO membrane elements to achieve an overall water recovery of similar to 50% with an energy consumption of 3-4 kWh per m(3) of water treated. Moreover, SWRO desalination plants generate substantial amounts of brines that must be disposed of. In addition, SWRO desalination plants require post-treatment including remineralization. Here, we report an energy-efficient hybrid desalination process for high salinity brackish water. This new desalination process couples flow capacitive deionization (FCDI) with nanofiltration (NF). Our experiments and energy calculations using a 10000 ppm NaCl solution as model brackish water show that the energy consumption of the new FCDI-NF unit (0.460 kWh_total m(-3)) is lower by 16-20% than the best reported energy consumption (0.571 kWh m(-3)) and the 1-stage practical minimum energy consumption (0.550 kWh m(-3)) of a brackish water reverse osmosis (BWRO) unit treating the same feed at 70% water recovery, while final total dissolved solids (TDS) are in the drinking water range.
Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
Issue Date
2017-11
Language
English
Article Type
Article
Keywords

ELECTRODE CAPACITIVE DEIONIZATION; NANOFILTRATION MEMBRANES; FLOW-ELECTRODES; PERFORMANCE; TECHNOLOGY; PURIFICATION; COMPOSITE; OPERATION; BATTERY

Citation

JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE, v.541, pp.580 - 586

ISSN
0376-7388
DOI
10.1016/j.memsci.2017.07.043
URI
http://hdl.handle.net/10203/225968
Appears in Collection
EEW-Journal Papers(저널논문)
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