Equalization filter design for downfiring flat television speakers

Abstract

Many loudspeakers in newer flat television systems are mounted on the bottom of the television, with their diaphragms facing downward, so as to be hidden inside the TV frame. This kind of loudspeaker installation, called downfiring, induces relatively large reflections from the walls of a room. The increased reflections inevitably change the impulse response of the loudspeakers, which leads to a perceptible distortion in sound quality. In this study, an equalization procedure to resolve the distortion due to downfiring loudspeakers is presented. The change in the early-arriving sound from the room reflections was analyzed, and the specific experimental environment was set up to measure the early reflections for designing a single-channel equalization filter. The inverse technique for the single-input multiple-output (SIMO) system was applied such that both the magnitude and phase responses from downfiring loudspeakers can be equalized at multiple listener positions. We also investigated the possible equalization range in space and time, for which the single-channel filter can work effectively. The performance of the filter designed for the equalization range was then demonstrated by experiments. The experiments were performed using a flat television mock-up installed in a reflective environment. For the performance evaluation of the proposed method, we employed two different measures that can represent the magnitude and phase distortions: the mean squared error of the magnitude and an energy decay curve. The experimental results demonstrate that the single-channel filter can reduce the early reflections from a downfiring loudspeaker by a considerable amount.