박정희 시대 담화문을 통해 본 과학기술정책의 전개

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to understand the discourse on science and technology (S&T) policies during the Park Chung Hee era (1961~1979) through investigating the presidential statements and addresses. I will focus on the meaning, structure, and change of the discourse on S&T. In the early 1960s, S&T was not considered an important element in government policies and S&T was mainly mentioned in the context of technology education. However, S&T grew in stature as time went on and by the mid-1960s the regime recognized S&T as a useful means for economic development. Around 1970, S&T began to be considered an essential factor for national security and the regime started utilizing S&T as the ideology for national mobilization through the “Scientification Movement of the Whole Nation” in the mid-1970s. Although the emphasis on S&T gradually increased during Park’s era, the discourse on S&T was secondary to the discourse on the national economy and security. The regime did not clearly distinguish between science and technology and the discourse on technology was dominant because of its close relation to economic growth.