This paper examines the relationships between the future expansion of nuclear power and the prospect for world nuclear nonproliferation. For this purpose, recent changes and developments in international political environment, nonproliferation regimes, business practices surrounding civilian nuclear power industry, and technological advancements were examined. Based on these examinations, the paper attempts to answer the question, "What should be done for future nuclear power development not to result in further increase in proliferation risk?" (C) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.