c-MYC Drives Breast Cancer Metastasis to the Brain, but Promotes Synthetic Lethality with TRAIL

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Brain metastasis in breast cancer is particularly deadly, but effective treatments remain out of reach due to insufficient information about the mechanisms underlying brain metastasis and the potential vulnerabilities of brain-metastatic breast cancer cells. Here, human breast cancer cells and their brain-metastatic derivatives (BrMs) were used to investigate synthetic lethal interactions in BrMs. First, it was demonstrated that c-MYC activity is increased in BrMs and is required for their brain-metastatic ability in a mouse xenograft model. Specifically, c-MYC enhanced brain metastasis by facilitating the following processes within the brain microenvironment: (i) invasive growth of BrMs, (ii) macrophage infiltration, and (iii) GAP junction formation between BrMs and astrocytes by upregulating connexin 43 (GJA1/Cx43). Furthermore, RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis uncovered a set of c-MYC–regulated genes whose expression is associated with higher risk for brain metastasis in breast cancer patients. Paradoxically, however, increased c-MYC activity in BrMs rendered them more susceptible to TRAIL (TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand)–induced apoptosis. In summary, these data not only reveal the brain metastasis-promoting role of c-MYC and a subsequent synthetic lethality with TRAIL, but also delineate the underlying mechanism. This suggests TRAIL-based approaches as potential therapeutic options for brain-metastatic breast cancer.
Publisher
AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH
Issue Date
2019-02
Language
English
Article Type
Article
Citation

MOLECULAR CANCER RESEARCH, v.17, no.2, pp.544 - 554

ISSN
1541-7786
DOI
10.1158/1541-7786.MCR-18-0630
URI
http://hdl.handle.net/10203/250487
Appears in Collection
BiS-Journal Papers(저널논문)BS-Journal Papers(저널논문)
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