Cellulose-Templated, Dual-Carbonized Na3V2(PO4)(3) for Energy Storage with High Rate Capability

Abstract

Sodium-ion rechargeable batteries are a promising candidate for large-scale electrical energy storage systems, owing to the abundance of sodium resources. Herein, we report the development of carbon-incorporated NASICON-Na3V2(PO4)(3) (NVP) as an active cathode material for Na-ion batteries, using carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and sucrose as dual carbon sources. The interaction between CMC and sucrose resulted in the formation of a highly porous structure (surface area: 58.998 m(2)g(-1)) with increased sp(2) carbon species, facilitating mass and charge transportation. The specific capacity (104.99 mAhg(-1)) of dualcarbonized CMC/sucrose-NVP (CS-NVP) was close to the theoretical capacity (117.6 mAhg(-1)). Furthermore, dual-carbonized NVP exhibited stable cyclability, showing a specific capacity of 75.04 mAg(-1) even at a high rate of 20 C.