On the nonlinear and time-varying acoustic moeling of the simplified intake or exhaust silencing system

Abstract

The intake or exhaust noise of an internal combustion engine is usually predicted by the linear, time-invariantsource model in frequency domain with reasonable precision. However, the actual finite amplitude pulsation involves thenonlinear, time-varying characteristics that are prominent in time-domain. To overcome the discrepancy between two sourcemodels, an approximate nonlinear and time-varying frequency domain source model can be employed by appending thenonlinear or time-varying terms to the linear, time-invariant source model. Proper selection of the nonlinear describing termsvarying with time is important for the realistic and precise prediction of the radiated sound. For the selection of such terms,flow and motional characteristics in the valve and orifice of a simplified fluid machine comprised of very large reservoir,valve, and duct is considered. Effects of each describing term and the combined terms are investigated by comparing the soundspectrum predicted from nonlinear source model to that from linear source model. In the comparison, the sound spectrumcalculated by the method of characteristics is used as a reference. It is found that the source model using only the velocityrelatedterms yields the best result among all the models using various combinations of the terms with different characteristics. The best model yields a difference from the linear source model within ±5 dB in overall sound level. Change of acoustic loadsresults in a difference of 20-27 dB in linear source model from the reference data; however, maximum 10-22 dB deviationsare observed in using the various nonlinear source models. It is concluded that more than 4 describing terms should beemployed in the nonlinear model to obtain a realistic result of the radiated sound from the intake or exhaust system.